The use of force continuum is a model used by law enforcement to guide officers in determining the appropriate level of force to use in a given situation. While it's primarily used by law enforcement, the concept of a use of force continuum can also be applied to self-defense scenarios by civilians. In Texas, the use of force continuum is an important consideration for those seeking a concealed carry license.
The Texas Use of Force Continuum
The Texas model was developed by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) in 1989. The continuum is divided into seven levels of force, ranging from Level 1 (no force) to Level 7 (deadly force). The levels are as follows:
Level 1: No Force
No force is used, and the situation is resolved through verbal communication.
Level 2: Verbal Warning
A verbal warning is given to the individual, warning them that force may be used if they do not comply.
Level 3: Empty Hand Techniques
Empty-hand techniques, such as grabbing or restraining, are used to control the individual.
Level 4: Chemical Agents
Chemical agents, such as pepper spray or tear gas, are used to incapacitate the individual.
Level 5: Less-Lethal Force
Less-lethal force, such as batons or stun guns, is used to incapacitate the individual.
Level 6: Lethal Force
Lethal force, such as a firearm, is used to protect oneself or others from serious bodily harm or death.
Level 7: Deadly Force
Deadly force, such as a firearm, is used to protect oneself or others from imminent serious bodily harm or death.
Applying the Use of Force Continuum to Self-Defense
In a self-defense scenario, the continuum can be applied to determine the appropriate level of force to use. When faced with a threat, an individual should try to de-escalate the situation using verbal communication and empty-hand techniques. If these methods are ineffective, the individual may need to progress to more forceful methods, such as chemical agents or less-lethal force.
Ultimately, the use of deadly force should be a last resort, used only when there is a genuine threat of serious bodily harm or death. There may be times where the scenario moves you to level 6 or 7 immediately, and that's a split-second decision you may need to make. Knowing the levels may provide a method or guideline to help you de-escalate a situation that CAN be de-escalated.
Conclusion
The use of force continuum is an important concept for both law enforcement and civilians to understand. By applying the continuum to self-defense scenarios, individuals can better determine the appropriate level of force to use and minimize the risk of escalating a situation. As a concealed carry licensee, it's essential to understand the levels and to use them as a guide when faced with a self-defense scenario.
